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Location: Lancaster, California
Ships to: US,
Item: 126586397987
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Item must be returned within:30 Days
Refund will be given as:Money Back
Certification:Uncertified
Grade:Ungraded
Composition:Silver
Denomination:Obol
Era:Ancient
. style=”text-decoration:none” href=”https://emporium.auctiva.com/timelessthing” target=”_blank”>. href=”https://emporium.auctiva.com/timelessthing” target=”_blank”>timelessthing Store . href=”https://www.auctiva.com/?how=scLnk0″ target=”_blank”> Ancient CoinSilver Obol SAMARIA circa 375-333 BC Obv: Helmeted head of Athena right Rev: AFE Owl standing right, head facing 7.00 mm These silver coins were similar type of famous owl coins minted in Athens, Ancient Greece but minted in Samaria and Philistia at the same time. They are very small, more crude and less artistic yet desirable, historical and more rare. PRIVATE ANCIENT COINS COLLECTION SOUTH FLORIDA ESTATE SALE ( Please, check out other ancient coins we have available for sale. We are offering 1000+ ancient coins collection) ALL COINS ARE GENUINE LIFETIME GUARANTEE AND PROFESSIONALLY ATTRIBUTED The attribution label is printed on archival museum quality paper An interesting small silver coin minted in Samaria. Helmeted Athena on obverse and owl on reverse. This coin comes with display case, stand and attribution label printed on museum quality paper attached as pictured. A great way to display an ancient coins collection. You are welcome to ask any questions prior buying or bidding. We can ship it anywhere within continental U.S. for a flat rate of 6.90$. It includes shipping, delivery confirmation and packaging material. Limited Time Offer: FREE SHIPPING (only within the continental U.S.)The residents of HI/AK/U.S. Territories and International bidders/buyers must contact us for the shipping quote before bidding/buying SAMARIA The hill country of Ephraim—not of Judah—was the cradle of ancient Israelite civilization. A triangle of three cities—Shechem, Tirzah, and Samaria—lay near the center of this area and served as religious and political centers. The claim on royal power, however, proved short-lived in Shechem and Tirzah. Around 884 B.C.E., King Omri of Israel purchased the family-owned estate of a man named Shemer, made it his political capital, and called the new city Samaria (Hebrew, Shomron). Throughout its existence, Samaria remained small in size—more a royal compound than a multifaceted city. In the center of the acropolis, Omri’s workers artificially extended various scarps in the bedrock to create a raised, rectangular platform (about 6,732 square meters) that rose approximately 3.5 meters above the surrounding rock. This elevated area accommodated the royal palace, a large courtyard, and smaller royal buildings. Until the fall of Israel in 721 B.C.E., Samaria remained that kingdom’s political hub. Even the surrounding region took on its name, and over 160 years later leading nations continued to refer to the city as the “House of Omri.” Omri’s son, Ahab, ruled after him (circa 873–851 B.C.E.) and was one of Israel’s most powerful kings. Although Ahab and Jezebel, his Phoenician wife, became the infamous couple whom the biblical writers loved to hate, extrabiblical texts and archaeology tell the fuller story behind the grand city these powerful figures called home. Ahab expanded the size of Samaria and propelled Israel into international politics by fighting protracted wars against the kingdom of Aram, struggling for hegemony over Transjordan, and participating in an anti-Assyrian league at Qarqar. But his marriage, policies, and foreign alliances invited the biblical writers’ scorn. The Hebrew Bible obliquely praises and criticizes the lavish royal houses purportedly constructed by Ahab. Excavators have recovered a staggering quantity of ivory objects, sculptures, wall panels, furniture trim, and glass inlays from Samaria’s summit. These items reflect Israelite, Phoenician, and Egyptian artistic motifs with some direct parallels to ivories found in the contemporaneous Assyrian capital, Nimrud. The presence of unworked tusks suggests that Samaria might even have been a production center for these carvings. The engravings seem to reflect two distinct styles—one in low relief with simple borders and backgrounds, the other in deeper relief with fewer traces of colored insets. The former group sometimes appeared so lavishly decorated with gold foil and inlays of lapis lazuli that precious little of the gleaming-white ivory actually remained visible. Such conspicuous opulence undoubtedly inflamed orthodox Yahwists like Elijah and the early writing prophets who focused on social justice and the poor. Samaria’s wealth and importance during the peaceful and prosperous reign of Jeroboam II (793-753 B.C.E., according to E. R. Thiele) is seen in the 68 ostraca found in the “Ostraca House” that lay west of and below the palace. These ostraca (inscriptions on pottery shards) date to the early eighth century B.C.E. and record small shipments of wine and oil to the capital from clan-based communities in the surrounding countryside (including Shechem, but not the rebuilt Tirzah). Personal names attested on these shards belong either to absentee landlords temporarily residing in the royal compound of Samaria and receiving the shipments from their own local estates or to clan heads who were sending tax payments to the king. As the number of villages on the seaward slopes of the Ephraimite hill country grew, sparsely populated Samaria preserved its status as a city of the elite. It remained a “forbidden city” to local Hebrew prophets (Elijah, Amos), except for those imprisoned there (Micaiah ben Imlah). Archaeologists have not found Israelite temples on Samaria’s summit, though a possible shrine lay nearly 900 meters east of the royal compound. But tantalizing scenes and inscriptions dating from the early eighth century B.C.E. have appeared far south of Samaria at Kuntillet Ajrud, an isolated caravanserai in the northern Sinai Desert operating as a state-sponsored way station (recall Elijah’s flight in 1Kgs 19:1-8) under the authority of Samaria’s kings. One graffito refers to “Yahweh of Samaria and his asherah.” Scholars debate whether “asherah/Asherah” refers to the fecund Canaanite goddess herself, to her cultic symbol (a sacred tree), or more generically to a shrine/sanctuary or goddess/consort. Whatever else this provocative inscription may imply, it seems to indicate the presence of an active cult and perhaps even a temple to Yahweh at Samaria. Though such a structure may indeed have existed there, Ahab (who gave his sons Yahwistic names: Ahaziah, “held by Yahweh,” and Jehoram/Joram, “Yahweh is exalted”) apparently also built temples or shrines to the Canaanite gods Baal and Asherah, according to the biblical text. Taken together, the biblical and extrabiblical evidence suggests a degree of religious pluralism at Samaria that would have enraged the orthodox Yahwistic establishment in Israel. In its broader world, Samaria seems to have maintained a kind of controlled syncretism, adopting elements of a variety of religious beliefs and practices. At home, its cult of Yahweh was, at best, monolatrous. The irony that the Ajrud inscription may recognize a Yahwistic temple at Samaria while the biblical writers mention only the shrines to Baal and Asherah underscores the historiography behind the Bible’s theological agenda against Samaria. JUDAEA The Roman province of Judea, sometimes spelled in its original Latin forms of Iudæa or Iudaea to distinguish it from the geographical region of Judea, incorporated the regions of Judea, Samaria and Idumea, and extended over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Judea. It was named after Herod Archelaus’s Tetrarchy of Judea, but the Roman province encompassed a much larger territory. The name “Judea” was derived from the Kingdom of Judah of the 6th century BCE.According to the historian Josephus, immediately following the deposition of Herod Archelaus, Judea was turned into a Roman province, during which time the Roman procurator was given authority to punish by execution. The general population also began to be taxed by Rome. The province of Judea was the scene of unrest at its founding in 6 CE during the Census of Quirinius, the Crucifixion of Jesus circa 30–33 CE, and several wars, known as the Jewish–Roman wars, were fought during its existence. The Second Temple of Jerusalem was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE near the end of the First Jewish–Roman War, and the Fiscus Judaicus was instituted. After the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135), the Roman Emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province to Syria Palaestina and the name of the city of Jerusalem to Aelia Capitolina, which certain scholars conclude was an attempt to disconnect the Jewish people from their homeland. BackgroundThe first intervention of Rome in the region dates from 63 BCE, following the end of the Third Mithridatic War, when Rome established the province of Syria. After the defeat of Mithridates VI of Pontus, Pompey (Pompey the Great) sacked Jerusalem and installed Hasmonean prince Hyrcanus II as Ethnarch and High Priest but not as king. Some years later Julius Caesar appointed Antipater the Idumaean, also known as Antipas, as the first Roman Procurator. Antipater’s son Herod (Herod the Great) was designated “King of the Jews” by the Roman Senate in 40 BCE but he did not gain military control until 37 BCE. During his reign the last representatives of the Hasmoneans were eliminated, and the huge port of Caesarea Maritima was built.Herod died in 4 BCE, and his kingdom was divided among three of his sons, two of whom (Philip and Herod Antipas) became tetrarchs (‘rulers of a quarter part’). The third son, Archelaus, became an ethnarch and ruled over half of his father’s kingdom. One of these principalities was Judea, corresponding to the territory of the historic Judea, plus Samaria and Idumea.Archelaus ruled Judea so badly that he was dismissed in 6 CE by the Roman emperor Augustus, after an appeal from his own population. Herod Antipas, ruler of Galilee and Perea from 4 BCE was in 39 CE dismissed by Emperor Caligula. Herod’s son Philip ruled the northeastern part of his father’s kingdom. Judea as Roman provincesIn 6 CE Archelaus’ tetrachy (Judea, plus Samaria and Idumea) came under direct Roman administration. The Judean province did not initially include Galilee, Gaulanitis (today’s Golan), nor Peraea or the Decapolis. Its revenue was of little importance to the Roman treasury, but it controlled the land and coastal sea routes to the “bread basket” of Egypt and was a buffer against the Parthian Empire. The capital was at Caesarea Maritima, not Jerusalem. Quirinius became Legate(Governor) of Syria and conducted the first Roman tax census of Syria and Judea, which was opposed by the Zealots. Judea was not a senatorial province, nor an imperial province, but instead was a “satellite of Syria” governed by a prefect who was a knight of the Equestrian Order (as was that of Roman Egypt), not a former consul or praetor of senatorial rank.Still, Jews living in the province maintained some form of independence and could judge offenders by their own laws, including capital offenses, until c. 28 CE. The Province during the late Hellenistic period and early Roman period was divided into five conclaves, or administrative districts: Jerusalem, Gadara, Amathus, Jericho and Sepphoris The ‘Crisis under Caligula’ (37–41) has been proposed as the first open break between Rome and the Jews.Between 41 and 44 CE, Judea regained its nominal autonomy, when Herod Agrippa was made King of the Jews by the emperor Claudius, thus in a sense restoring the Herodian dynasty, although there is no indication that Judea ceased to be a Roman province simply because it no longer had a prefect. Claudius had decided to allow, across the empire, procurators, who had been personal agents to the Emperor often serving as provincial tax and finance ministers, to be elevated to governing magistrates with full state authority to keep the peace. He may have elevated Judea’s procurator to imperial governing status because the imperial legate of Syria was not sympathetic to the Judeans.Following Agrippa’s death in 44, the province returned to direct Roman control, incorporating Agrippa’s personal territories of Galilee and Peraea, under a row of procurators. Nevertheless, Agrippa’s son, Agrippa II was designated King of the Jews 48. He was the seventh and last of the Herodians.From 70 until 135 Judea’s rebelliousness required a governing Roman legate capable of commanding legions. Because Agrippa II maintained loyalty to the Empire, the Kingdom was retained until he died, either in 93/94 or 100, when the area returned to complete, undivided Roman control. Judaea was the stage of two, possibly three, major Jewish–Roman wars:66–70 CE– First Jewish–Roman War, resulting in the siege of Jerusalem, the destruction of Herod’s Temple and ending with the siege of Masada in 73–74. (see Josephus). Before the war Judaea was a Roman province of the third category, that is, under the administration of a procurator of equestrian rank and under the overall control of the governor of Syria. After the war it became an independent Roman province with the official name of Judaea and under the administration of a governor of praetorian rank, and was therefore moved up into the second category (it was only later, in about 120 , that Judaea became a consular province, that is, with a governor of consular rank).115–117 – the Kitos War; Judea’s role in it is disputed though, as it played itself out mainly in the Jewish diaspora and there are no fully trustworthy sources on Judea’s participation in the rebellion, nor is there any archaeological way of distinguishing destruction levels of 117 CE from those of the major Bar Kokhba revolt of just a decade and a half later. 132–135 – Bar Kokhba’s revolt; Following the suppression of Bar Kokhba’s revolt, the emperor Hadrian changed the name of the province to Syria Palaestina and Jerusalem became Aelia Capitolina which Hayim Hillel Ben-Sasson states was done to erase the historical ties of the Jewish people to the region. However, this did not prevent the Jewish people from referring to the country in their writings as either “Yehudah” or “The Land of Israel” Under Diocletian (284–305) the region was divided into three provinces:Palaestina Prima (Judea, Samaria, Idumea, Peraea and the coastal plain, with Caesarea Maritima as capital)Palaestina Secunda (Galilee, Decapolis and Golan, with Beth-Shean as capital)Palaestina Tertia (the Negev desert, with Petra as capital). SHIPPING INFO: – The Shipping Charge is a flat rate and it includes postage, delivery confirmation, insurance up to the value (if specified), shipping box (from 0.99$ to 5.99$ depends on a size) and packaging material (bubble wrap, wrapping paper, foam if needed) – We can ship this item to all continental states. Please, contact us for shipping charges to Hawaii and Alaska. – We can make special delivery arrangements to Canada, Australia and Western Europe. – USPS (United States Postal Service) is the courier used for ALL shipping. – Delivery confirmation is included in all U.S. shipping charges. (No Exceptions) CONTACT/PAYMENT INFO: – We will reply to questions & comments as quickly as we possibly can, usually within a day. – Please ask any questions prior to placing bids. – Acceptable form of payment is PayPal REFUND INFO: – All items we list are guaranteed authentic or your money back. – Please note that slight variations in color are to be expected due to camera, computer screen and color pixels and is not a qualification for refund. – Shipping fees are not refunded. 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